In a non-radar environment, what is this minimum separation requirement for departures that will diverge by 45 degrees or more immediately after takeoff?

In a non-radar environment, when dealing with departures that will diverge by 45 degrees or more immediately after takeoff, the minimum separation requirement is established to ensure safety and efficiency in air traffic operations. The correct answer is a 1-minute separation.

This minimum time allows for adequate spacing between aircraft considering their performance characteristics and the dynamics of climb-out in the absence of radar surveillance. The 1-minute interval is based on the principle that aircraft departing at a divergence of 45 degrees or more will not pose a conflict with one another, as they are effectively heading in significantly different directions, which helps to mitigate the risk of collision during the initial climb phase.

Furthermore, this separation standard reflects the operational capabilities of the aircraft and the time it generally takes for them to reach an altitude where they can safely operate without conflicts, even without the immediate oversight of radar tracking.